近日，新加坡考古部门表示在新加坡海域发现了两艘古沉船。
沉船内有大量手工艺品，其中包括许多精美的中国14世纪青花瓷器。经勘测，这两艘古船，可能是全球范围内迄今为止发现的载有最多青花瓷器的沉船。
Two centuries-old shipwrecks loaded with Chinese blue and white ceramics and other artifacts have been found off Pedra Branca, a rocky outcrop east of Singapore, according to local reports on June 16.
新加坡考古人员正在海底打捞沉船文物 Photo of a Singaporean archaeologist working on undersea excavation
据报道，2015年在新加坡海上作业的潜水员意外发现几块陶瓷板，随后第一艘沉船被发现。
紧接着，新加坡国家遗产委员会委托ISEAS-Yusof Ishak 研究所考古部门对沉船展开挖掘和研究工作，并于2019年在沉船不远处发现了第二艘沉船。
The first wreck was discovered after divers accidentally came across ceramic plates in 2015. Later, the National Heritage Board in Singapore and think tank the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute (ISEAS) started undersea excavation on the wreck, which led to the discovery of another shipwreck nearby in 2019.
新加坡发现两艘海底沉船，内有大量中国古瓷器 Large quantities of Chinese porcelain wares were salvaged from the wrecks.
考古研究人员发现，两艘沉船来自不同时代。第一艘沉船包含大量中国陶瓷，可能追溯到14世纪，当时的新加坡以淡马锡著称。
瓷器主要包括龙泉窑的盘、碗和罐子，以及元代莲花牡丹纹青花瓷碗残片。据ISEAS-Yusof Ishak 研究所研究员迈克尔·弗莱克表示，这艘沉船携带的青花瓷非常多，数量惊人，许多产品都很罕见，其中一件可谓是独一无二。
The first wreck was carrying Chinese ceramics that possibly date back to the 14th century, when Singapore was known as Temasek. The ceramics include plates, bowls and a pot of Longquan Kiln, as well as a large number of blue and white pieces made in the Yuan Dynasty. “Many of the pieces are rare, and one is believed to be unique,” said Michael Flecker, a visiting fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute’s archaeology unit.
新加坡沉船出水的各类瓷器 Kinds of porcelain wares were salvaged from the shipwrecks.
而第二艘沉船可能是一艘商船，可追溯到18世纪，约于1796年从中国返回印度途中沉没。
沉船出水文物包括一系列中国陶瓷，比如绘有龙纹图案的罐子碎片、陶制鸭子、观音头像、欢喜佛像以及品种繁多的陶瓷艺术品，还有铜合金、玻璃砂玛瑙制品等手工艺品，以及四只船锚和九门大炮。
The second shipwreck was believed to a merchant vessel that sank in 1796 while sailing from China to India. Items recovered from it ranged from Chinese ceramics to glass and agate objects, as well four anchors and nine cannons.
新加坡沉船出水文物 Other artifacts including glass and agate objects were salvaged from the wreck.
这些大炮通常安装在18世纪和19世纪初东印度公司雇用的商船上，主要用于防御目的和发出信号。
Such cannons were typically mounted on merchant ships employed by the East India Company –the trading behemoth through which the British empire expanded in Asia – in the 18th and 19th centuries.
新加坡国家遗产委员会表示，两艘沉船的发掘研究工作仍在进行，计划在年底完成沉船复原清理工作，并在博物馆里对公众展出。
The National Heritage Board of Singapore stressed that the survey and recovery of artifacts from the two wrecks are still underway and will be completed at the end of this year.
此外，沉船发现的一些文物与新加坡陆地考古发现的一些工艺品极为相似。
例如，第一艘沉船中的龙泉青瓷器皿与早先在福康宁公园出土的器皿相匹配，两者都带有双鱼图案。这表明，早在1819年英国殖民者到来之前，新加坡就已经是一个繁华的贸易中心。
Some of the items were similar to artifacts found in archaeological digs on land of the nation, which showed that Singapore was a trading hub well before the arrival of British colonizers in 1819.
新加坡沉船出水的龙泉窑瓷器 Longquan Kiln wares found on the first shipwreck
新加坡，地处于东南亚半岛区和群岛区水域，扼守连接南海和印度洋的海上交通要道——马六甲海峡的咽喉地带。它不仅是东南亚地区海上交通的十字路口，也是长期以来东西方海洋贸易必经的航行枢纽，拥有很多的海丝文化遗产。
Located in the waters of the Southeast Asian Peninsula and the archipelago region, Singapore has long been a key trading hub on global shipping routes connecting the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.
Editor: Yuan
Source: 央视新闻客户端、https://www.dawn.com、https://phys.org